[[Cryptography]]

A field focusing on secure communication, ensuring confidentiality, authenticity, and data integrity. Methods like AES, RSA, and digital signatures are used to encrypt data, authenticate users, and detect tampering

[[Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange]]

A cryptographic protocol that allows two parties to securely create a shared secret key over a public channel, relying on the difficulty of solving discrete logarithms. 

[[RSA encryption]]

A public-key encryption algorithm where large prime numbers are used to generate keys for secure data transmission. The RSA process involves key generation, encryption, and decryption through modular arithmetic.

[[Breaking RSA]]

Explains the process of breaking RSA encryption by factoring the modulus 𝑁 into prime numbers 𝑝 and 𝑞, revealing the private key. It demonstrates the vulnerability of RSA if large primes can be factored.

[[Digital Signature]]

A cryptographic method using asymmetric keys to verify the authenticity and integrity of a document. It ensures authenticity, non-repudiation, and that the document has not been tampered with. RSA is one simple method used for digital signatures.

[[Hash functions]]

Special functions producing fixed-length outputs from variable inputs, ensuring properties like pre-image and collision resistance. They are essential for digital signatures, password storage, and data integrity.

[[Digital Signature with Hash code]]

Combines hashing and encryption, where a document’s hash is encrypted with a private key to create a signature. The recipient verifies it by comparing the decrypted hash with a computed one, ensuring integrity and authenticity.

[[Public Key Authentication]]

Prevents man-in-the-middle attacks by using a trusted third party, a Certificate Authority (CA), to authenticate public keys. The CA issues a certificate containing the digital signature, ensuring the key's authenticity and integrity.